Steel framework for walls, ceilings, roofs, and the like



H. JAKLIN March 27, 1934.

STEEL FRAMEWORK FOR WALLS, CEILINGS, ROOFS, AND THE LIKE 2 Sheets-Sheet March 27, 1934. H. JAKLIN STEEL FRAMEWORK FOR WALLS ,I CEILINGS, ROOFS, AND THE LIKE Patented Mar. 27, 1934 UNITED STATES STEEL FRAMEWORK FOR WALLS, CEILINGS, ROOFS, AND THE LIKE Hans Jaklin, Vienna, Austria, assignor of onehalf` to Oscar Frostg, Vienna, Austria Application November 26, 1928, Serial No. 321,791 In Austria December 1, 1927, and in Germany December 9, 1927 4 Claims.

This invention relates to a mode of building or construction, Ivhich is particularly adapted for building or an unsafe or bad building site in districts where earthquakes frequently take place 5 and in mining districts with an unsteady ground. The invention is well suited in connection with the erection of settlements, houses with a number of flats, workshops, halls and so forth. The mode. of building according to the present invention is far superior to all building made of bricks or stones or hollow bricks or stones as far as lightness in weight and elasticity are concerned, and the costs of erection do not exceed the costs of otherpermanent buildings, which require a far better foundation in View of the considerable weight but are already damaged and imperil the inhabitants already in the event of a slight movement of the soil. The buildings constructed according to the present invention 20 can be economically moved or lifted to another place. Compared with the known frameworks, consisting of girders formed by bending sheet metal plates, the framework according to the present invention is constructed in a novel manner and for this object particularly shaped girders are used, which render possible a particularly easy and positive connection of the individual girders.

The essential feature of this quick mode of erection mainly consists in that the skeleton of the Walls, ceilings and roofs, formed of concrete plates without joints, consists of folded I steelsheet girders, which are provided with asingle web and double-walled flanges extending to the web; the said walls being parallel and spaced apart for a smalldistance. In view of these hollow flanges it is possible to quickly and immovably connect the girders at the building site without a troublesome joining, drilling of holes, riveting or screwing. The girders usually consisting of sheet metal of a thickness of one inch or I- shaped section irons are immovably secured by pairs of tie rods, which overlap one another and the webs of which cross one another.

with one or more artificial stone plates, which In this way framework-sections are formed Several modes of carrying out the present in- 'vention are illustrated by way of example on the accompanying sheets of drawings in which.

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the corner of external walls with. a window frame and a pai 1 tition wall with a door frame.

' Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate bottom sheet metal plates for single columns and for cornerand inside wall columns of buildings, respectively.

Fig. 5 shows the connection between a beam, a cross tie and a diagonal bracing.

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the external walls of two storeys with the ceiling and the roof extension.

Fig. 7 is a front view of a tie,

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the tie beam carrying the rafter, and

Fig. 9 shows the mode of securing the tie beam, which is not arranged above a column, on a bearer.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing fragments of thestructure partly assembled.

As shown in Fig. 1, the framework of the external Walls is formed by single columns 1, 4 and corner-column pairs 2, 3, all columns being braced up with one another by tie rods, which also act as distancing members 14, and are secured in their position in that the tie rods 14, extending from one column to the next column, enclose this pair of columns between eyes, which have been provided at one end of the tie rods, but are formed at the other end only after the arrangement. Each column is fixed by two tie rods 14, which overlap each other in a long hole of the column-web and are braced up in opposite directions, in a position corresponding to the previously adapted lengths of the tie rods. All necessary` holes of the girders are already punched during the folding of the sheet metal plates by machine.

All .vertically tensioned tie rods or wires 14, arranged in a plumb-line, are connected by wires 16. Wires 15 connect the tie rods 14 disposed behind each other in the wall. The tie rods are disposed in concrete or mortar fillings 20, 24, 21. The concrete layers 20 first to be produced, particularly those of the outside face of the external wall, usually are sprayed or sprinkled onto a templet secured to the flanges of the column. Thereby also the webA of the sheet metal girder can be embedded in sprinkled concrete and thus is particularly well braced up. The other concrete layers 24 and 21 are sprayed or sprinkled onto a trellis casing consisting for instance of strips of corrugated cardboard 18.

After the setting of the sprayed or sprinkled concrete, the boardings are removed and can be again used in view of the uniform column-distance. In place of corrugated cardboard strips also straw-, reedor wood-wool strips or the like can be employed. The intermediate spaces 25 constitute air insulating layers, which can be lled with slag, peat and the like with or without the use of a binding agent or they may be further sub-divided. At the latest before the production of the innermost trellis casing in the external walls, also the smaller partition wall columns 5 are erected, which overlap the flange of the external wall columns 4, and are connected by means of wires 17 with the said columns 4 after the insertion of the tie rod 14, passing to the adjacent partition wall column 6.

All columns of the ground oor are anchored at the bottom on a plinth walling or basement 7 (Figs. 6 and 7) by means of ears 12, embracing the said walling, and by ears 13 pushed from the. front into the column hollow ange, shown in the bottom irons.

The reference character 9 designates a bottom iron for single columns, 10 a bottom iron for a corner column pair and 11 a bottom iron for an inside wall column pair. In the plinth walling 7, in each middle of the columns, is embedded a round iron tie rod 30, which passes through the hole 26 of the bottom iron and through the adjacent hole of the column web and is again bent downward in order to hold down the column onto the plinth walling.

At the top, all external wall and inside wall columns are connected by bearers 32 (Fig. 6), which are mitred at 28 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) in the corners of the walls. The connecting wires 16 of the tie rods pass from one bearer girder to the other bearer girder and in the ground oor to wire-eyes 31 embedded in the plinth walling 7. The ceiling beams 33 rest onthe bearers 32.

As shown in Fig. 6 the ceilings are produced in similar manner as the walls by inserting sprinkling concrete layers 20, 21 between the ceiling beams 33, secured and braced up with respect to one another by tie rods 14. The reinforced top plate 20, carrying the floor, is sprinkled or sprayed onto a boarding, which can be repeatedly usedin view of the uniform distances between the roof-beams. The boarding preferably consists of two parts, connected by hinges at the bottom, and is underpinned by wooden supports at a certain height between the webs of the ceiling beams, the said wooden supports being pushed onto the flanges of the ceiling beams. After removing the boarding of the sprinkled top plates 20, the bottom plates 21 are formed by arranging insulating layers 18 in the tie rods 14,. subsequently the sprinkling is carried out from the bottom and is covered with a ne lime stuff in the same way as the walls.

As shown in Fig. 10, the roof is made in the same way as the upper concrete plates carrying the floor and preferably is covered by a coat of leather sheet.

Before sprinkling the concrete layers forming the walls, the window-frames F and the door frames T are arranged between the columns and are packed in the wall by the sprinkled concrete (Fig. 1).

The double-walled girder-flanges render possible a particularly simple connection of all girders in the building. As shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the beam 33 is secured with the bearer 32 and at the same time on the column 1 in that the ends of a flanged iron bracket 34, which has been inserted in the hollow flange of the beam 33 by way of a transverse slot 44 (Fig. 8) of the latter, are pushed through slots 73 of the hollow flange bend of the bearer 32 into the hollow-flange of the columns l to 4, which are open at the front side. The connection is secured against being lifted 01T by wires 37, passing through holes in the girder-webs. The beam-hollow flange is provided with two transverse slots 44 for each angle iron' 35, if the beam extends beyondthe column for instance underneath the roof truss. In a similar way are connected the columns of the next storey, which are arranged on the roof-beam of a storey below it, this being carried out either by a single angle bracket 40 or by a pair of angle irons 38 and wires 41. Also all girders cooperating with one another at an acute angle and provided with webs in the same plane are secured to one another according to the same method, thus the rafters 42 standing on the roof-beam are fixed by means of an iron bracket 43 and wires 45, further the rafters on the collar-beam 5l are secured by angle irons 53 (Fig. 10). In a similar way is also anchored the collar beam 5l with its purlin 49 by means of a pair of angle irons 52. The connection of two girders with crossing webs, such as the partition wall columns 5-6 with the bottom or top roof-beam, is carried out by means of iron brackets 39, which are pushed through slots provided at both sides of the hollow flanged bend of the roof-beam 33 and are inserted with the right angled ends intothe front side of the hollow flange of the column. In this way are also connected girders which cooperate at an angle, the rafters 42 (Fig. 11) cooperating at the ridge being connected by angle irons 46 and wires 47. However also the gutter-hooks are secured in a most simple manner by insertion into the hollow ange of the roof-beam (Fig. 6). Horizontally superposed girders, such as the girders 33, 32 or 54 are secured to one another, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9, by a U-shaped wirebracket 36, 55 passes through the hollow ange of the upper girder but at the side of the web, whereby the projecting ends are turned down. Further as shown in Fig. 10, the smaller profiled post 48 is connected with the wider purlin 49 by wire-brackets 50, and for this object the bend of the hollow anges is bored before the end of the column 48. The ends of the wire-bracket turned down onto the edges of the flange are passed through holes in the web of the purlin 49 and are turned off.

The connection of a number of beams or girders meeting at a point is carried out in the way as shown in Fig. 5.

A slot is provided in a beam 69 at the top and bottom in the hollow flange bend facing the cross-beam, the slot extending over the ../idth of the flange of the crossgirder 70. Into these slots are pushed the hollow flanges of the crossgirder 70, which are separated from the web for the length of connection and are pressed flat, and they are secured by means of wires 72. A third girder 7l, which is lconnected in such a girderconnection, is inserted at the end for the connection-length and in suitable bevel.

I claim- 1. In a metallic frame construction, an I-beam formed of a single piece of sheet metal bent to provide a pair of closed tubular flanges of substantially flat rectangular cross-section throughout and a connecting web, said anges having opposed slots in their edges to permit passage of a tie member therethrough whereby to.tie the beam to an adjacent structural member.

2. In a metallic frame construction, an I-beam formed of a single piece of sheet metal bent to provide a pair of flattened and closed tubular flanges and a connecting web, said anges having slots in the outer wall to permit the passage of a tie member therethrough whereby to tie the beam to an adjacent structural member.

3. The combination with an I beam provided with hollow anges, one of which is provided with a slot aiording access to the interior of the flange; of a. connecting plate projecting through `said slots for attachment of structural shapes to said I beam.

f HANS JAKLIN. 

